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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
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The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

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Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Modeling Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Through Intraventricular Injection of Hemoglobin
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Bleeding issues in neonates and infants - update 2015.

Ulrike Nowak-Göttl1, Verena Limperger1, Alexander Bauer1

  • 1University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Thrombosis & Hemostasis Treatment Center, Campus Kiel & Lubbock, Germany.

Thrombosis Research
|April 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal bleeding requires careful evaluation, considering developmental hemostasis and family history. Diagnostic approaches for bleeding neonates involve screening tests, age-related values, and specific factor assessments.

Keywords:
Bleeding disordersDevelopmental hemostasisNeonates

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Neonatal Coagulation
  • Developmental Hemostasis

Background:

  • Neonatal bleeding causes significant parental and physician anxiety.
  • Inherited coagulation disorders are rare, necessitating thorough investigation of bleeding symptoms in neonates.
  • A detailed family history and bleeding questionnaire are crucial before laboratory assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a diagnostic approach for neonates presenting with clinical bleeding symptoms.
  • To emphasize the importance of developmental hemostasis in interpreting coagulation assays.
  • To guide the stepwise evaluation of abnormal coagulation screening tests in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of coagulation assays and reference ranges in neonates and children.
  • Inclusion of global screening tests and complete blood cell count.
  • Stepwise diagnostic approach for abnormal laboratory results, including assessment of FXIII, alpha2-antiplasmin, and platelet function.

Main Results:

  • Coagulation protein concentrations are lower in premature infants compared to full-term babies.
  • Prolonged PT in neonates indicates decreased vitamin-K-dependent factors; prolonged PTT suggests decreased contact factors.
  • Abnormalities require age-related value comparison and a systematic diagnostic pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding developmental hemostasis is key to diagnosing neonatal bleeding disorders.
  • A comprehensive diagnostic strategy, including family history and targeted testing, is essential.
  • Treatment for bleeding neonates is tailored to the specific underlying condition.