Human chorionic gonadotropin and maternal recognition of pregnancy

The corpus luteum of the ovulatory cycle is essential for establishing and maintaining the first seven weeks of human pregnancy. Progesterone, given parenterally, appears to be a satisfactory substitute for the corpus luteum, known to be the source of this steroid hormone during this period. Moreover, hCG appears to be essential for sustained secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum, particularly during the first three weeks after fertilization. In primates at least, neutralization of the biological effects of CG during this critical period results in a reduction of blood progesterone levels and the interruption of pregnancy. Although alternative sources of hCG exist, and the physiological relevance of these sources requires further study, hCG appears to be essential component in the maternal recognition of pregnancy.