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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
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Gene length matters in neurons.

Mark J Zylka1, Jeremy M Simon1, Benjamin D Philpot1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, The Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA.

Neuron
|April 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (Mecp2) represses long genes crucial for neuronal function in Rett syndrome. This finding highlights gene length and transcription

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder linked to mutations in the Mecp2 gene.
  • The role of gene length and transcriptional regulation in neurodevelopmental disorders is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which Mecp2 influences gene expression.
  • To determine the relationship between Mecp2, gene length, and neuronal function.

Main Methods:

  • The study analyzed the binding of Mecp2 to DNA.
  • Investigated the repression of long genes (> 100 kb) by Mecp2.
  • Examined the role of methylated CA sites in Mecp2 binding and gene repression.

Main Results:

  • Mecp2 binds to methylated CA sites in DNA.
  • Mecp2 represses the transcription of long genes (> 100 kb).
  • These repressed genes are involved in neuronal physiology and connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Mecp2's repression of long genes is a key mechanism in Rett syndrome.
  • Gene length and transcriptional control are critical factors in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.