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Oxidative stress in aging human skin.

Mark Rinnerthaler1, Johannes Bischof2, Maria Karolin Streubel3

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Summary

Oxidative stress significantly accelerates skin aging, particularly due to UV exposure. This review details oxidative stress sources, skin

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Cellular Biology
  • Skin Aging Research
  • Oxidative Stress Mechanisms

Background:

  • Oxidative stress is a key factor in both intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging.
  • Extrinsic aging, especially from UV irradiation, is heavily influenced by oxidative stress.
  • Both epidermal and dermal layers are affected, though differently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted effects of oxidative stress on skin aging.
  • To identify major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin.
  • To describe the skin's defense mechanisms and age-related changes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on oxidative stress and skin aging.
  • Analysis of ROS generation pathways (mitochondrial ETC, enzymes, etc.).
  • Examination of antioxidant defense systems and their components.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous ROS sources including mitochondrial electron transport chain, peroxisomal/ER proteins, Fenton reaction, and specific enzymes.
  • Detailed antioxidant defenses, including enzymes (SOD, catalase) and organic compounds (ascorbate, tocopherol, CoQ10).
  • Discussed oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA, alongside age-related epidermal changes like disrupted calcium gradients and altered cornified envelopes.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative stress is a primary driver of skin aging, exacerbated by UV radiation.
  • The skin possesses complex defense systems against oxidative damage.
  • Age-related alterations in skin structure and function, including the cornified envelope, impair antioxidant capacity and barrier function.