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Social Foundations of Self IV: Self in Digital Communication01:30

Social Foundations of Self IV: Self in Digital Communication

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Since the early 2000s, computer-mediated communication (CMC) has grown rapidly, playing a crucial role in self-development. A key distinction between CMC and real-life interactions is the lack of a physically present partner. This absence makes non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, body language, and paralinguistic signals unavailable in CMC platforms like email, instant messaging, or social media. The lack of these cues can create ambiguity and complicate how feedback is interpreted.The...
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Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Cognitive Learning01:21

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
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Social Exchange Theory02:06

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We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
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Social Exchange Theory01:26

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As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...
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The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Integrating Computerized Linguistic and Social Network Analyses to Capture Addiction Recovery Capital in an Online Community
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Social media for lifelong learning.

Terry Kind1, Yolanda Evans

  • 1Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine , Washington DC , USA.

International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)
|April 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Social media facilitates lifelong learning by fostering collaboration and feedback, crucial for continuous professional development in healthcare. Further research should explore its impact on knowledge and behavior change.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Health Professions Education
  • Lifelong Learning

Background:

  • Lifelong learning is essential for continuous professional development and adult learning.
  • Social media platforms offer potential avenues for ongoing education and skill enhancement.
  • The integration of social media into learning requires understanding its role in knowledge acquisition and practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utilization of social media for lifelong learning.
  • To define lifelong learning within the context of professional development and adult education.
  • To explore examples of social media use in medical and healthcare education.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of Embase and MEDLINE databases (2004-2014).
  • Inclusion of peer-reviewed studies reporting social media use by lifelong learners.

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  • Analysis of examples within medical and healthcare professions.
  • Main Results:

    • Social media engagement can mirror the learning process through feedback and collaboration.
    • Online networking platforms are significant tools for continuous learning in information-rich environments.
    • Examples exist of lifelong learners using social media in medical and healthcare settings.

    Conclusions:

    • Social media engagement can support lifelong learning by promoting interaction and knowledge sharing.
    • Healthcare professionals must be motivated to identify and address knowledge gaps using available resources.
    • More rigorous research is needed to assess social media's impact beyond learner satisfaction, focusing on knowledge, behavior, and outcomes.