Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists
Published on: November 15, 2013
Control of lymphocyte homeostasis and effector function by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
1Molecular Immunomodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Abstract:
The adaptive immune system, composed of lymphocytes, recognizes diversified antigens and generates immunological memory. According to the canonical model, it is the innate immune system that captures pathogens and senses environment to activate adaptive lymphocytes through antigen presentation, costimulatory signals and cytokine milieu. Emerging evidence indicates that environmental cues can be directly conveyed to lymphocytes by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that widely expresses in many immune cell lineages and recognizes a broad range of ligands including endogenous and dietary metabolites, microbial derivatives and xenobiotics. This review will focus on the regulatory role of AhR in not only adaptive but also innate lymphocytes including recently discovered innate lymphoid cells.
Related Concept Videos
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
T Cell Types and Functions
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
Signal Transduction: Overview
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Inflammatory Response
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

