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Observations on bovine pyelonephritis.

O Markusfeld, N Nahari, D Kessner

    The British Veterinary Journal
    |November 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Bovine pyelonephritis affects 1.6% of cows annually, with multiparous cows at higher risk. Elevated serum creatinine and urea levels indicate a poor prognosis, significantly increasing culling odds.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Animal Health
    • Bovine Diseases

    Background:

    • Bovine pyelonephritis is a significant kidney infection in cattle.
    • Understanding risk factors and prognostic indicators is crucial for herd management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of bovine pyelonephritis.
    • To evaluate the prognostic value of clinical and laboratory parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 51 bovine pyelonephritis cases.
    • Calculation of annual prevalence, risk factors (multiparity, uterine disease), and outcomes (loss, relapse).
    • Assessment of serum creatinine, urea, and hematological parameters for prognostic value.

    Main Results:

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    • Annual prevalence was 1.6% (1987), with a mean 82.9 days from calving to onset.
    • Multiparous cows and those without post-parturient uterine diseases had higher pyelonephritis risk (OR 8.9).
    • Loss rate was 33.3%, relapse rate 9.4%. High creatinine (>1.5 mg/dl) and urea (>100 mg/dl) significantly increased culling odds (OR 104.0 and 60.0, respectively). Hematology was not diagnostic.

    Conclusions:

    • Bovine pyelonephritis poses a substantial risk to cattle health and productivity.
    • Serum creatinine and urea are strong prognostic indicators for culling decisions.
    • Preventive measures targeting uterine health and early detection are recommended.