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Microbial leaching, also known as bioleaching, is an environmentally favorable method for extracting metals from low-grade ores using specific microorganisms. This biotechnological approach is particularly valuable for mining operations targeting copper, gold, and uranium, where traditional extraction methods may be economically or environmentally impractical.Copper Leaching and Microbial CatalysisIn copper bioleaching, crushed ore is arranged into heaps and irrigated with a dilute sulfuric...
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Microorganisms play a critical role in the transformation and immobilization of uranium in contaminated environments through four main pathways: bioreduction, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization. These mechanisms reduce uranium’s toxicity and prevent its migration through groundwater systems, offering sustainable approaches for in situ bioremediation.Bioreduction of UraniumBioreduction is driven by anaerobic bacteria such as certain strains of Geobacter and Shewanella,...
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Selenium biomineralization for biotechnological applications.

Yarlagadda V Nancharaiah1, Piet N L Lens2

  • 1Environmental Engineering and Water Technology Department, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft DA 2601, The Netherlands; Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section of Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.

Trends in Biotechnology
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selenium biomineralization by microbes offers a unique way to remove toxic selenium from water, sequestering it in a reusable form for environmental applications.

Keywords:
biomineralizationselenium bioreductionselenium deficiencyselenium nanomaterialsselenium supplementationwastewater treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) is a vital trace element and high-tech material, but also a toxin at low concentrations.
  • Microbial biomineralization is a promising environmental biotechnology for selenium removal and sequestration.
  • Selenium biogeochemical cycling is poorly understood, despite its diverse microbial roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the process of selenium biomineralization.
  • To explore its biotechnological applications in bioremediation and wastewater treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Microbial respiration of soluble (selenite, selenate) and insoluble (elemental selenium) forms.
  • Isolation of phylogenetically diverse microorganisms from various environments.

Main Results:

  • Microbial cells utilize selenium compounds as terminal electron acceptors.
  • Biomineralization observed across diverse microbial taxa.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium biomineralization is a key biogeochemical process with significant biotechnological potential.
  • Applications in bioremediation and wastewater treatment are feasible for selenium management.