Endovascular intervention for peripheral artery disease.

Area of Science:

• Vascular Surgery
• Interventional Cardiology
• Endovascular Interventions

Background:

• Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) treatment has evolved with percutaneous endovascular therapies.
• Endovascular approaches provide a lower-risk alternative to open surgery for patients with comorbidities.
• Noninvasive tests and imaging guide disease localization and procedural planning.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current landscape of endovascular therapies for peripheral vascular disease.
• To discuss the indications for revascularization based on clinical presentations (claudication, critical limb ischemia, acute limb ischemia).
• To highlight the role of new innovations and the importance of follow-up care.

Main Methods:

• Review of current endovascular treatment strategies for PVD.
• Discussion of clinical presentations and their impact on revascularization timing.
• Evaluation of the durability and indications for various endovascular procedures (angioplasty, stenting, drug-eluting technologies).

Main Results:

• Endovascular treatments are effective, with greater durability for aortoiliac disease compared to femoropopliteal disease.
• Infrapopliteal revascularization is primarily indicated for critical and acute limb ischemia.
• Balloon angioplasty and stenting remain primary treatments, with drug-eluting innovations showing promise.

Conclusions:

• Endovascular therapy is a valuable option for PVD, offering a less invasive approach.
• Careful patient selection and procedural planning are essential for optimal outcomes.
• Structured surveillance and risk factor management are critical for long-term patency and preventing adverse cardiovascular events.