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Horse breeding, including natural coitus and artificial reproduction techniques (ARTs), presents welfare concerns. Judicious ART use may mitigate some issues, but further research is needed on pain and long-term effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Equine Science
  • Animal Welfare
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Welfare issues in horse breeding lack dedicated academic focus.
  • Both natural and artificial reproduction techniques (ARTs) may pose welfare challenges.
  • Existing literature inadequately addresses the specific welfare implications of equine breeding methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on horse breeding welfare issues.
  • To identify gaps in the data regarding equine reproduction welfare.
  • To explore the potential of ARTs in addressing and exacerbating welfare concerns.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on horse breeding welfare.
  • Analysis of potential welfare problems associated with coitus and ARTs.
  • Identification of areas requiring further scientific investigation.

Main Results:

  • All horse breeding methods carry potential welfare risks.
  • Strategic application of ARTs can potentially alleviate certain welfare problems.
  • Negative welfare effects can be identified and managed; positive effects can be enhanced.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to quantify the stress and pain associated with breeding procedures.
  • The long-term welfare implications of ARTs for successive horse generations require thorough investigation.
  • A comprehensive evidence base is needed to optimize welfare in equine breeding practices.