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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

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Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
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ATP Yield01:31

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Cellular respiration produces 30 - 32 ATP per glucose molecule. Although most of the ATP results from oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain (ETC), 4 ATP are gained beforehand (2 from glycolysis and 2 from the citric acid cycle).
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In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the...
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Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
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Related Experiment Video

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Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes
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Activated sludge optimization using ATP in pulp and paper industry.

Göran Bäckman1, Ulla Gytel2

  • 1Kemira, Kemi AB Marinvägen 3, SE-85633 Sundsvall, Sweden

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|April 25, 2015
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Summary

Optimizing activated sludge wastewater treatment using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements reduced costs by 20-30%. This method enhances biomass management and nutrient dosage for stable, efficient biological treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Activated sludge process is a widely used wastewater treatment technology, but faces challenges with instability and high operating costs.
  • Effective management of solids inventory and nutrient dosage is crucial for optimizing activated sludge systems.
  • Wastewater toxicity can cause significant disturbances in biological treatment processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the activated sludge process for wastewater treatment through improved biomass management and nutrient control.
  • To investigate the use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements for quantifying active biomass and monitoring toxicity.
  • To reduce operational costs and enhance the stability of wastewater treatment plants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a LumiKem test kit to measure adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for quantifying active biomass (active volatile suspended solids).
  • Integrated ATP data with other standardized mill parameters for comprehensive process monitoring.
  • Developed and applied a bio-stress index to monitor the microbiological population's stress levels and detect toxicity.

Main Results:

  • ATP measurements enabled accurate quantification of living biomass, facilitating optimized sludge inventories and nutrient feeding.
  • The bio-stress index provided early warnings for toxic components in the wastewater influent.
  • Wastewater treatment costs were reduced by approximately 20-30% with fewer process disturbances and sustained biological activity.

Conclusions:

  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements are effective for optimizing activated sludge processes by managing biomass and nutrients.
  • Monitoring active biomass and toxicity using ATP assays improves treatment efficiency and reduces operational costs.
  • The integration of ATP data and bio-stress index offers a robust approach for stable and cost-effective wastewater treatment.