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Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils
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Few studies addressing toothbrushing frequency and periodontitis.

Devina J Worsley1, Zoe Marshman1

  • 1School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Evidence-Based Dentistry
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Infrequent tooth brushing is linked to severe periodontal disease. This meta-analysis of 14 studies found a significant association, highlighting the importance of regular oral hygiene for preventing periodontitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Dental Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Periodontitis is a prevalent oral disease with significant public health implications.
  • Tooth brushing frequency is a modifiable behavior that may influence periodontitis risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing literature on the association between tooth brushing frequency and periodontitis.
  • To quantify the risk of periodontitis associated with infrequent tooth brushing.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed and seven other databases.
  • English-language studies evaluating the tooth brushing frequency-periodontitis association were included, with quality assessed using the HEB Wales checklist.
  • Data were extracted, and random and fixed effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • Fourteen studies (12 cross-sectional, 2 case-controlled) were included, with sample sizes ranging from 44 to 9203.
  • A fixed effects meta-analysis of 12 cross-sectional studies showed a significant OR of 1.41 (95% CI: 1.25-1.58, P < 0.0001).
  • A random effects meta-analysis of all 14 studies yielded an OR of 1.44 (95% CI: 1.21-1.71, P < 0.0001) with slight heterogeneity (I² = 48%, P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

  • A clear association exists between infrequent tooth brushing and severe periodontal disease.
  • The current body of evidence, though limited, strongly suggests that reduced tooth brushing frequency is a risk factor for periodontitis.
  • Further epidemiological research is warranted to refine effect estimates and explore interactions with other risk factors.