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Electromagnetic radiation under explicit symmetry breaking.

Dhiraj Sinha1, Gehan A J Amaratunga1

  • 1Division of Electrical Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA Cambridge, United Kingdom.

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Radiation requires breaking electric field symmetry. This symmetry breaking allows for non-conserved currents, enabling electromagnetic radiation from accelerating charges and resonators, paving the way for novel antenna designs.

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetism
  • Antenna Theory
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electromagnetic radiation is typically associated with accelerating charges.
  • Symmetry principles are fundamental in physics, often simplifying complex systems.
  • Resonators made from dielectric and piezoelectric materials have unique electromagnetic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental conditions necessary for electromagnetic radiation from accelerating charges.
  • To explore the role of symmetry breaking in enabling radiation.
  • To demonstrate the potential for creating radiating antennas by breaking resonator symmetry.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of electromagnetic field symmetry.
  • Examination of current conservation in systems with broken symmetry.
  • Application of principles to dielectric and piezoelectric resonators.

Main Results:

  • Explicit breaking of electric field symmetry is a necessary condition for radiation from accelerating charges.
  • Symmetry breaking leads to non-conservation of current within enclosed areas, facilitating radiation.
  • Dielectric and piezoelectric resonators can be engineered to radiate by breaking their inherent symmetry.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of explicit symmetry breaking in the electric field is crucial for electromagnetic radiation.
  • This principle can be applied to design antennas from various resonator types.
  • Symmetry breaking offers a versatile approach to antenna development.