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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Comparative Approaches to Understanding the Relation Between Aging and Physical Function.

Jamie N Justice1, Matteo Cesari2, Douglas R Seals3

  • 1Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder. JamieJustice@colorado.edu.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|April 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Translating aging interventions from animals to humans is challenging. Standardizing physical function assessments across species can improve the success of clinical trials for aging interventions.

Keywords:
Animal modelsBehaviorPhysical functionTranslational

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Translational Medicine
  • Biomarkers of Aging

Background:

  • Aging interventions show promise in animal models but often fail in human clinical trials.
  • Discrepancies in outcome measures and trial designs hinder translation between species.
  • Physical function measures are emerging as reliable biomarkers of aging and predictors of health outcomes in humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenge of translating aging interventions from preclinical models to human clinical trials.
  • To emphasize the importance of standardizing physical function and disability assessments across species.
  • To facilitate the development of effective, cross-species translational functional assessments for aging research.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing and discussing physical function and disability assessment methodologies.
  • Comparing assessment strategies across different species, including mice, rats, monkeys, and humans.
  • Highlighting the role of motor outcomes in preclinical aging research and clinical trial design.

Main Results:

  • Physical function measures, including standardized testing batteries, are increasingly used as biomarkers of aging in humans.
  • These measures predict adverse health events, disability, and mortality, making them crucial for clinical trial outcomes.
  • Incorporating motor outcomes into preclinical testing is a critical step for improving translational success.

Conclusions:

  • Standardizing physical function assessments across species is essential for successful translation of aging interventions.
  • Tailoring animal models' assessments to mirror human outcomes will enhance the predictive validity of preclinical studies.
  • Developing unified, cross-species functional assessments will accelerate the discovery of effective anti-aging strategies.