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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview01:28

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

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Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
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Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

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Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
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Exercise Stress Test01:26

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Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
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An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization01:21

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Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring
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Should We Recommend Exercise after the Fontan Procedure?

Nigel Sutherland1, Bryn Jones2, Yves d'Udekem3

  • 1Cardiac Surgery Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.

Heart, Lung & Circulation
|April 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exercise training is safe and beneficial for individuals with a Fontan circulation, improving exercise tolerance. This cardiac rehabilitation approach should be considered a standard care option for these patients.

Keywords:
Congenital heart diseaseExercise therapyFontan procedureRehabilitationResistance trainingSafety

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • The Fontan procedure is a palliative surgery for complex congenital heart defects.
  • Patients often have reduced exercise capacity compared to healthy individuals.
  • The role and safety of exercise training in this population remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on the effects of exercise training in patients with a Fontan circulation.
  • To assess the safety and benefits of exercise interventions in this specific patient group.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline and Embase databases.
  • Included studies focused on the Fontan procedure and cardiac rehabilitation.
  • A total of 23 articles and 201 subjects met the inclusion criteria.

Main Results:

  • Exercise training programs varied significantly in their characteristics.
  • No adverse events related to exercise training were reported in the reviewed literature.
  • Most studies indicated improvements in exercise tolerance parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise training is a safe and effective intervention for patients with a Fontan circulation.
  • This form of cardiac rehabilitation should be integrated into standard patient care.
  • Further research is needed to explore the physiological adaptations resulting from exercise training.