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Oxidative stress, the term and the concept.

Dov Lichtenberg1, Ilya Pinchuk1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

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Summary

Oxidative stress (OS) is a complex biological imbalance. Re-evaluating OS reveals its nuances beyond "bad OS, good antioxidants," highlighting vital basal OS and antioxidant interference.

Keywords:
AntioxidantsAssaysOxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Redox biology
  • Biomedicine
  • Oxidative stress research

Background:

  • The concept of oxidative stress (OS) has been central to biomedicine for 30 years.
  • Commonly perceived as "bad OS, good antioxidants," this view is an oversimplification.
  • The term OS lacks standardized units and its measurement is context-dependent, indicating diverse sub-classes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the contribution of oxidative stress to science and redox biology.
  • To critically analyze the common perception of OS and antioxidants.
  • To discuss the limitations and complexities of the OS concept.

Main Methods:

  • Mini-review of existing literature and concepts.
  • Analysis of the historical context and current understanding of OS.
  • Discussion of the relationship between OS, disease, and antioxidant function.

Main Results:

  • Oxidative stress is not a singular entity but has various sub-classes.
  • A basal level of OS is essential for biological functions.
  • Antioxidants can interfere with crucial oxidative status maintenance mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The simplistic "bad OS, good antioxidants" dichotomy is misleading.
  • Understanding the kinetics and specific types of OS is crucial.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of antioxidants in health and disease.