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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Cardiovascular dysfunction in children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies.

Urs Scherrer1, Emrush Rexhaj2, Yves Allemann2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile urs.scherrer2@insel.ch.

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Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) may increase future cardiovascular risk by altering fetal development. This novel finding necessitates a reevaluation of ART

Keywords:
Arterial hypertensionEndotheliumEpigeneticIn vitro fertilizationPulmonary hypertensioneNOS

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies link fetal development issues to later cardiovascular disease.
  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are increasingly used globally.
  • Emerging evidence suggests ART may be a novel factor in fetal programming of cardiovascular disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of ART as a novel example of fetal programming.
  • To explore how ART might modify the cardiovascular phenotype.
  • To highlight the need for reassessing ART's long-term safety.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data and emerging evidence on ART.
  • Analysis of potential mechanisms by which ART affects cardiovascular health (embryo manipulation, increased fetal insults).
  • Consideration of studies in mice showing epigenetic alterations due to ART culture conditions.

Main Results:

  • ART involves embryo manipulation, sensitive to environmental insults, potentially altering vascular and cardiac function.
  • ART increases risks of fetal insults known to augment cardiovascular risk.
  • ART is emerging as a significant cardiovascular risk factor, despite the young age of the treated population.

Conclusions:

  • ART may represent a novel and significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease through fetal programming.
  • Current understanding of ART's long-term safety needs revision.
  • Further research into ART-induced cardiovascular alterations and procedural improvements is urgently required; ART should be used judiciously.