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Related Concept Videos

Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
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Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
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Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Drug discovery in academia.

Aisha Shamas-Din1, Aaron D Schimmer1

  • 1Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Experimental Hematology
|April 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Academic centers increasingly engage in drug discovery but often halt at chemical probes. This review examines strategies academic groups use to overcome hurdles and advance anticancer drug discovery toward clinical trials.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Academic centers are expanding their role in drug discovery beyond initial stages.
  • Many academic drug discovery projects face challenges progressing from chemical probes to clinical trial-ready drugs.
  • This bottleneck hinders the translation of academic research into viable therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of academic institutions in anticancer drug discovery and development.
  • To analyze strategies employed by academic groups to surmount barriers in the drug development pipeline.
  • To identify pathways for advancing academic drug discovery projects toward clinical application.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of academic drug discovery initiatives.

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  • Analysis of common challenges in academic drug development.
  • Examination of strategies including chemical probe development, in-house resource building, non-profit partnerships, and drug repurposing.

    • Main Results:

    • Academic participation in drug discovery is growing but faces significant translational gaps.
    • Key strategies to bridge the gap include focusing on high-quality chemical probes, building internal capabilities, collaborating with non-profits, and exploring drug repurposing.
    • These approaches aim to facilitate the progression of academic projects towards clinical trials.

    Conclusions:

    • Academia plays a crucial role in early-stage anticancer drug discovery.
    • Overcoming the 'valley of death' requires strategic approaches to advance drug candidates.
    • Effective strategies are essential for translating academic discoveries into clinical benefits for cancer patients.