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PRRS virus receptors and their role for pathogenesis
1Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
Veterinary Microbiology
|April 28, 2015
Summary
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) primarily infects alveolar macrophages. CD163 is the main receptor, while sialoadhesin may play a supporting role in PRRSV infection and disease.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Swine Disease Research
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses globally.
- Porcine alveolar macrophages are the primary cells targeted by PRRSV.
- Multiple cellular molecules, including CD163 and sialoadhesin, have been identified as potential PRRSV receptors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current understanding of PRRSV cell entry mechanisms.
- To focus on the roles of CD163 and sialoadhesin in PRRSV infection and pathogenesis.
- To clarify receptor utilization by different PRRSV genotypes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of PRRSV-host interactions.
- Analysis of studies investigating cellular receptors for PRRSV.
- Comparison of findings for genotype I and genotype II PRRSV.
Main Results:
- CD163 is identified as the primary receptor determining cell susceptibility to PRRSV.
- Sialoadhesin appears non-essential for infection, possibly acting as an accessory protein.
- Receptor usage by PRRSV genotypes I and II requires further investigation.
Conclusions:
- CD163 is crucial for PRRSV infection and pathogenesis.
- The precise role of sialoadhesin in PRRSV infection needs further clarification.
- Understanding genotype-specific receptor interactions is key to controlling PRRSV spread.
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