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The Framingham cardiovascular risk score in multiple sclerosis
M Moccia1, R Lanzillo1, R Palladino2,3
1Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
Background And Purpose:
Cardiovascular risk factors can increase the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) and modify its course. However, such factors possibly interact, determining a global cardiovascular risk. Our aim was to compare the global cardiovascular risk of subjects with and without MS with the simplified 10-year Framingham General Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score (FR) and to evaluate its importance on MS-related outcomes.
Methods:
Age, gender, smoking status, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, type II diabetes and use of antihypertensive medications were recorded in subjects with and without MS to estimate the FR, an individualized percentage risk score estimating the 10-year likelihood of cardiovascular events.
Results:
In total, 265 MS subjects were identified with 530 matched controls. A t test showed similar FR in cases and controls (P = 0.212). Secondary progressive MS presented significantly higher FR compared to relapsing-remitting MS (P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed a direct relationship between FR and Expanded Disability Status Scale (P < 0.001) and MS Severity Scale (P < 0.001).
Conclusion:
The FR, evaluating the global cardiovascular health by the interaction amongst different risk factors, relates to MS disability, severity and course.
Insights
Global cardiovascular risk, assessed by the Framingham Risk Score (FR), is linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) disability and severity. Higher FR correlates with worse outcomes in MS patients, particularly in progressive forms.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Cardiology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) onset and progression.
- These factors may interact, influencing overall cardiovascular risk.
- Understanding this interplay is crucial for managing MS patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare global cardiovascular risk between individuals with and without MS using the Framingham Risk Score (FR).
- To assess the association between FR and MS-related outcomes, including disability and disease severity.
Main Methods:
- Data on age, gender, smoking, BMI, blood pressure, diabetes, and antihypertensive use were collected.
- The 10-year Framingham General Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score (FR) was calculated for all participants.
- Statistical analyses included t-tests and linear regression to compare FR and its relation to MS outcomes.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in FR was found between MS patients and controls.
- Secondary progressive MS patients exhibited significantly higher FR compared to relapsing-remitting MS patients.
- A direct relationship was observed between higher FR and increased MS disability and severity.
Conclusions:
- The Framingham Risk Score, reflecting combined cardiovascular risk factors, is associated with MS disability, severity, and disease course.
- Global cardiovascular health assessment is relevant for understanding MS progression.
- This highlights the importance of managing cardiovascular risk in MS management.
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