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Related Concept Videos

Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
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Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

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Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
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Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Delayed emergence after anesthesia.

Alexander Tzabazis1, Christopher Miller1, Marc F Dobrow1

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
|April 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delayed emergence from anesthesia can stem from rare causes beyond typical medications. This review highlights unusual reasons and at-risk patients to aid anesthesiologists in diagnosing slow recovery.

Keywords:
AnesthesiaComplicationDeliriumDrug interactionEmergenceNarcolepsySerotonin syndromeSleep paralysis

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Delayed emergence from anesthesia typically results from residual anesthetic or analgesic drugs.
  • Uncommon etiologies of delayed emergence can pose significant diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss less common causes of delayed emergence from anesthesia.
  • To identify at-risk patient populations and assist anesthesiologists in diagnosing delayed emergence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of case reports and case series.
  • Discussion of less common causes of delayed emergence.
  • Presentation of clinical cases from the authors' experience.

Main Results:

  • Most delayed emergence cases are due to residual medications.
  • Unusual causes, though rare, require careful consideration and diagnosis.
  • Case examples illustrate the diagnostic dilemmas presented by uncommon causes.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthesiologists should consider rare etiologies when patients exhibit delayed emergence.
  • Recognizing at-risk populations can improve diagnostic accuracy for delayed emergence.
  • This review aims to enhance the recognition and management of uncommon causes of delayed emergence.