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Immunogenetic control of the intestinal microbiota
Eric Marietta1, Abdul Rishi1, Veena Taneja2
1Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
Immunology
|April 28, 2015
Summary
Genetic factors significantly influence the gut microbiome composition in vertebrates. This review focuses on how host genetics, including MHC II genes, shape the intestinal microflora, impacting overall health.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Genetics
- Immunology
Background:
- Vertebrates host diverse microbial communities (microbiota) on body surfaces, primarily in the intestine.
- The human intestinal microbiome is highly variable among individuals, influenced by genetics and environmental factors like diet.
- Diet is a major environmental factor, leading to diet-dependent bacterial composition groups known as enterotypes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the genetic factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microflora.
- To highlight the role of host genetics in shaping the gut microbiome.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on host-microbe interactions.
- Examination of studies on twin genetics and gene associations (e.g., MHC II, HLA alleles).
- Analysis of research on immune system molecules involved in sensing the intestinal lumen.
Main Results:
- Both genetic and environmental factors, particularly diet, influence gut microbiome diversity and composition.
- Studies confirm a significant role for host genetics in determining microbial community structure.
- Specific genes, such as MHC II and HLA alleles, are associated with distinct microbial profiles.
Conclusions:
- Host genetics play a crucial role in shaping the intestinal microflora.
- Understanding these genetic influences is key to comprehending host-microbe interactions and their impact on health.
- Further research into genes involved in immune sensing of the gut lumen is warranted.
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