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Characterizing Multiscale Mechanical Properties of Brain Tissue Using Atomic Force Microscopy, Impact Indentation, and Rheometry
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Transient solid-fluid interactions in rat brain tissue under combined translational shear and fixed compression.

Henry W Haslach1, Lauren N Leahy1, Adam H Hsieh2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|April 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Brain tissue deformation involves complex mechanical interactions. Extracellular fluid (ECF) plays a key role in the brain

Keywords:
Combined translational shear and compressionExtracellular fluidNonlinear viscoelastic mathematical modelRat brain mechanical responseSolid–fluid interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics of the brain
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury involves complex mechanical insults.
  • Understanding the role of extracellular fluid (ECF) in brain tissue mechanics is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanical response of brain tissue under combined shear and compression.
  • To determine the influence of extracellular fluid (ECF) on transient mechanical responses.

Main Methods:

  • Applied translational shear stretch (up to 1.25) with 0% or 33% normal compression to rat brain sagittal slices.
  • Conducted unconfined compression tests at varying strain rates (0.0667/s and 1/s).
  • Developed a nonlinear viscoelastic mathematical model guided by experimental ECF behavior.

Main Results:

  • Rat brain tissue is not incompressible in vitro, exhibiting fluid loss during compression.
  • Mechanical response is deformation rate-dependent, showing hardening without compression and near-linearity with 33% compression.
  • Stress relaxation is faster after high-rate deformation, suggesting ECF hydrostatic pressure drives this process.

Conclusions:

  • ECF hydrostatic pressure significantly influences the stress relaxation of brain tissue.
  • A nonlinear viscoelastic model based on ECF behavior and cellular resistance accurately fits experimental data.
  • The model incorporates specimen-specific parameters and the concept of axonal and glial process resistance to pressure.