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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Hepatitis D and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Zaigham Abbas1, Minaam Abbas1, Sarim Abbas1

  • 1Zaigham Abbas, Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.

World Journal of Hepatology
|April 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection, when superimposed on chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, accelerates liver disease and cirrhosis. HDV also increases hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk through various molecular mechanisms.

Keywords:
CirrhosisEpigenetic processesHepatitis DHepatocellular carcinomaNecroinflammationOxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus requiring Hepatitis B surface antigen for its lifecycle.
  • HDV superinfection in chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to severe liver disease, rapid cirrhosis, and increased hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which HDV contributes to the progression of liver disease and HCC.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for HDV-associated liver cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiological and molecular studies on HDV infection.
  • Analysis of viral protein interactions with cellular pathways.
  • Investigation of epigenetic modifications in HDV-infected hepatocytes.

Main Results:

  • HDV infection significantly elevates HCC risk compared to HBV monoinfection.
  • Key molecular pathways implicated include STAT3, NF-κB, DNA Methyltransferases, and clusterin expression.
  • Hepatic decompensation is a more common initial clinical outcome than HCC.

Conclusions:

  • HDV infection poses a significant threat, driving aggressive liver disease and HCC.
  • Targeting pathways like STAT3 and enhancing PPAR-γ show therapeutic promise for HDV-induced HCC.