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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Isolation of Peritoneum-derived Mast Cells and Their Functional Characterization with Ca2+-imaging and Degranulation Assays
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Isolation of Peritoneum-derived Mast Cells and Their Functional Characterization with Ca2+-imaging and Degranulation Assays

Published on: July 4, 2018

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Mast cells mediate malignant pleural effusion formation.

Anastasios D Giannou, Antonia Marazioti, Magda Spella

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |April 28, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mast cells (MCs) are crucial for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) development. These immune cells promote tumor growth and fluid accumulation, but targeting them with therapies like imatinib mesylate shows promise.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Mast cells (MCs) are present in tumors, but their role in cancer development is debated.
    • Malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) are common in cancer patients, and the cellular mechanisms driving their formation are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of mast cells in the development and progression of malignant pleural effusions.
    • To identify the mechanisms by which mast cells contribute to MPE formation and to explore potential therapeutic targets.

    Main Methods:

    • Quantification of mast cells in human and murine MPEs.
    • Assessment of mast cell function in MPE development using mouse models.
    • Analysis of molecular signaling pathways involved in mast cell recruitment and activation.
    • Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of c-KIT inhibitor imatinib mesylate.

    Main Results:

    • Tumors actively recruit and degranulate mast cells in the pleural space via CCL2 and osteopontin.
    • Mast cells are essential for MPE formation; their absence prevents effusion development.
    • Mast cell-derived tryptase AB1 and IL-1β increase vascular permeability and promote tumor cell NF-κB activation.
    • Elevated mast cell numbers correlate with MPE formation in human effusions.
    • Imatinib mesylate treatment reduced MPE formation in both mouse and human cancer models.

    Conclusions:

    • Mast cells are indispensable for malignant pleural effusion formation.
    • Mast cell-mediated mechanisms driving MPE are therapeutically targetable, suggesting imatinib mesylate as a potential treatment strategy.