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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Molecular and Immunologic Techniques in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
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Developments in immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer.

J L Diaz1, S M Wanta, T M Fishbein

  • 1Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA - akroemer@me.com.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) immunotherapy offers new hope for advanced disease. This review explores targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and checkpoint inhibitors, to overcome immune evasion and improve patient survival.

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Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
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Area of Science:

  • Gastrointestinal Oncology
  • Cancer Immunology
  • Translational Cancer Research

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal cancers, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC), represent a significant global health burden.
  • Most CRC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to poor prognoses due to chemotherapy resistance and metastasis.
  • Current 5-year survival rates for advanced CRC are critically low, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC).
  • To discuss the tumor microenvironment's role in immune evasion and chemotherapy resistance.
  • To examine current and prospective immunotherapeutic strategies for CRC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of basic immunology and the colorectal tumor microenvironment.
  • Analysis of current FDA-approved immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies (mAb), vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, cytokines, and checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Examination of prior research, ongoing clinical trials, and preclinical studies in murine models.

Main Results:

  • The tumor microenvironment presents significant obstacles to effective immune responses and chemotherapy.
  • Targeted immunotherapies are being developed to overcome these obstacles and enhance anti-tumor immunity.
  • Various immunotherapeutic approaches, including mAbs and checkpoint inhibitors, show promise in preclinical and clinical settings.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving and crucial area for improving outcomes in colorectal cancer.
  • Understanding tumor immunology and microenvironment is key to developing effective targeted therapies.
  • Continued research and clinical trials are essential to define future strategies for CRC immunotherapy.