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Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade
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Multiple evolution of flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase.

Christian Seitz1, Stefanie Ameres, Karin Schlangen

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Planta
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PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Flavonoid 3

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) are key enzymes in anthocyanin biosynthesis.
  • F3'H is widespread in plants, while F3'5'H distribution is sporadic.
  • The evolution of F3'5'H enables the production of blue and lilac flower colors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origins of flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) in dicotyledonous plants.
  • To determine the frequency and mechanisms of F3'5'H evolution from F3'H.
  • To understand the ecological drivers for F3'5'H evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of F3'H and F3'5'H gene sequences.
  • Enzyme characterization to assess hydroxylase activity.
  • Comparative genomics to identify evolutionary events.

Main Results:

  • Flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) has evolved independently from flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) at least four times in dicots.
  • Specific F3'5'H variants were identified in Asteraceae subfamilies and in Pittosporaceae.
  • A single amino acid change in substrate recognition site 6 likely triggered the gain of F3'5'H function.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of F3'5'H from F3'H is a recurrent event in dicot evolution.
  • This functional gain allows for the synthesis of delphinidin-based anthocyanins, producing blue flower colors.
  • Enhanced pollinator attraction is the probable selective pressure driving F3'5'H evolution.