Renal-related adverse effects of intravenous contrast media in computed tomography

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Radiology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Intravascular contrast media (CM) can cause renal-related adverse effects, including contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).
• The precise pathogenesis of CIN remains incompletely understood despite extensive research.
• Existing guidelines offer recommendations for managing CIN risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize major international guidelines on renal adverse effects of CM.
• To present a simplified, concise approach to managing CM-related renal risks.
• To clarify the rationale behind patient preparation recommendations for imaging.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of key international guidelines (ACR, ESUR, RCR, CAR).
• Analysis of guideline references to understand the basis of recommendations.
• Synthesis of information to create a simplified approach.

Main Results:

• Key guidelines from major radiological societies were identified and reviewed.
• The underlying evidence and rationale for recommendations were analyzed.
• A simplified framework for understanding CM renal risks and patient preparation was developed.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the rationale behind guidelines is crucial for appropriate patient preparation.
• A simplified approach can enhance clinician comprehension of CM-related renal adverse effects.
• This review aims to improve patient safety during contrast-enhanced imaging procedures.