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Compared With Radical Nephrectomy, Nephron-sparing Partial Nephrectomy Protects Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice From

Ognen Ivanovski1, Igor G Nikolov2, Olivera Davceva3

  • 1University Clinic of Urology, Medical Faculty, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.

Urology
|April 29, 2015
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Partial nephrectomy (PNX) slows atherosclerosis progression compared to radical nephrectomy (RNX) in mice. This suggests nephron-sparing surgery may benefit patients prone to vascular disease.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease.
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can exacerbate atherosclerosis.
  • The impact of different surgical kidney removal techniques on atherosclerosis is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of radical nephrectomy (RNX) versus partial nephrectomy (PNX) on atherosclerosis development.
  • To investigate the role of kidney removal extent in CKD-induced vascular disease progression.
  • To evaluate the impact on serum lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers.

Main Methods:

  • Male apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice underwent RNX, PNX, or sham operation.
  • Kidney function, serum lipids, and aortic atherosclerotic lesions were assessed at 16 weeks.
  • Quantitative morphologic image processing was used to evaluate lesion size and composition, including nitrotyrosine and macrophage infiltration.

Main Results:

  • RNX mice exhibited significantly higher serum urea, total cholesterol, and triglycerides compared to PNX and sham groups.
  • Atherosclerotic lesions were significantly larger in the descending aorta and aortic root of RNX mice.
  • Aortic plaques in RNX mice showed increased nitrotyrosine expression and collagen content, but similar macrophage infiltration.

Conclusions:

  • Partial nephrectomy (PNX) significantly attenuates atherosclerosis progression compared to radical nephrectomy (RNX) in this mouse model.
  • PNX mitigates CKD-induced increases in oxidative stress and lipid disturbances, thereby slowing vascular disease.
  • These findings support the use of nephron-sparing surgery in atherosclerosis-prone patients undergoing kidney cancer surgery.

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