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A longitudinal study on early hospitalized airway infections and subsequent childhood asthma

Mei-Jy Jeng1, Yu-Sheng Lee2, Pei-Chen Tsao2

  • 1Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Plos One
|April 29, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Young children hospitalized for acute airway infections (HAI) face an increased risk of developing childhood asthma. Parents should be informed about this heightened risk, particularly for infants with bronchiolitis and congenital heart disease (CHD).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute airway infections (HAI) are frequent causes of hospitalization in young children.
  • Early childhood airway infections may predispose to the development of asthma later in life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between hospitalized acute airway infections (HAI) in children under 3 years old and the subsequent development of childhood asthma.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study compared hospitalized children (< 3 years) with bronchiolitis or other HAIs to age- and gender-matched controls.
  • Data on asthma diagnosis up to age 10, comorbidities, and medical care were analyzed using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan (1997-2000).

Main Results:

  • Children hospitalized with bronchiolitis or other HAIs showed a higher incidence of childhood asthma (16.2%) compared to controls (11.7%).
  • Hazard ratios for asthma were 1.583 for bronchiolitis and 1.226 for other HAIs versus controls.
  • Children with bronchiolitis and congenital heart disease (CHD) had a significantly higher odds ratio (1.973) for asthma between ages 3-5.

Conclusions:

  • Hospitalization for acute HAIs in young children (< 3 years) increases the risk of developing asthma by age 10.
  • Informing parents of infants with HAIs about the elevated asthma risk is crucial, especially for those with bronchiolitis and CHD.
Abstract

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