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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
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Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
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The pharmacological actions of acetylcholine are elicited via its binding to two families of cholinergic receptors or cholinoceptors, namely, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors and have five subtypes, M1–M5. All mAChR subtypes are activated by acetylcholine and blocked by the antagonist, atropine. 
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
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In reply to Chung

Rachel L Perlman1, Paula T Ross, Monica L Lypson

  • 1Chief of nephrology, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and associate professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project manager, Office of Medical Student Education, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Professor, Departments of Internal Medicine and Learning Health Sciences, assistant dean for graduate medical education, University of Michigan Medical School, and staff physician, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan; mlypson@umich.edu.

Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
|April 29, 2015
PubMed
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No abstract available in PubMed .

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