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Hepatitis E Virus and Related Viruses in Animals
D Thiry1, A Mauroy1, N Pavio2,3,4
1Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|April 29, 2015
Summary
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes liver disease and can spread from animals to humans. Understanding HEV
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Hepatitis E is an acute liver disease caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), with potential for chronicity.
- HEV infection has a significant global impact, causing approximately 57,000 deaths annually.
- The virus exhibits distinct epidemiologic profiles in developing and developed countries, linked to water sanitation and zoonotic transmission, respectively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the detection, molecular virology, and zoonotic transmission of HEV and related viruses.
- To explore the unclear origins of HEV and related viruses in both human and animal populations.
- To connect existing and emerging HEV taxonomy within a 'One Health' framework.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on HEV detection and molecular virology.
- Analysis of epidemiological data on HEV transmission routes.
- Exploration of zoonotic reservoirs and transmission pathways.
Main Results:
- HEV is classified into at least four genotypes, with increasing identification of HEV and related viruses in diverse animal species.
- Despite genetic diversity, only one HEV serotype is known for genotypes 1-4.
- Genome organization varies, with differing open reading frame (ORF) arrangements and ORF3 locations.
Conclusions:
- The origin of HEV and related viruses in humans and animals remains largely undetermined, despite identified animal reservoirs.
- Ongoing discovery of new HEV genotypes and related viruses necessitates continuous updates to viral taxonomy.
- A 'One Health' approach is crucial for understanding and managing the evolving landscape of HEV and related zoonotic viruses.
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