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Related Concept Videos

Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Capillarity in Fluid01:19

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
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Contact Angle01:13

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When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices
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Nanofluids alter the surface wettability of solids.

Sangwook Lim1, Hiroki Horiuchi1, Alex D Nikolov1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|April 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Silica nanoparticles in water reduce the contact angle on solid surfaces, enhancing wettability. This effect correlates with nanoparticle concentration near the substrate, depending on nanoparticle size and substrate type.

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Selective Area Modification of Silicon Surface Wettability by Pulsed UV Laser Irradiation in Liquid Environment
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Understanding the wettability of solid substrates is crucial for various applications.
  • Nanofluids offer tunable surface properties due to nanoparticle interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of silica nanoparticles in water on the wettability of different solid substrates.
  • To analyze the relationship between nanoparticle concentration, interfacial tension, and contact angle changes.
  • To elucidate the role of nanoparticle accumulation near the solid-liquid interface.

Main Methods:

  • Goniometric method and drop-shape analysis were employed for contact angle and interfacial tension measurements.
  • Laplace equation was used to analyze drop shapes and evaluate contributions to wettability.
  • Particle layering model was applied to calculate the surface volume fraction of nanoparticles near the substrate.

Main Results:

  • Silica nanoparticles decreased the contact angle of all tested substrates (gold, glass, silicon wafer) with increasing concentration.
  • A higher nanoparticle volume fraction near the substrate was observed with increased bulk concentration.
  • Wettability alteration was found to depend on nanoparticle volume fraction, size, and substrate type.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle presence significantly alters substrate wettability, primarily by decreasing the contact angle.
  • The observed wettability changes strongly correlate with the nanoparticle volume fraction in the near-surface layer.
  • The findings provide insights into controlling surface properties using nanofluids.