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Estimation of aircraft angular coordinates using a directional-microphone array--An experimental study.

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Using directional microphones significantly reduces vertical angle errors in aircraft noise direction of arrival estimation, mitigating issues caused by ground reflections. This method improves accuracy for both jet and propeller aircraft noise localization.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Aviation Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Ground reflections complicate accurate aircraft noise direction of arrival (DOA) estimation.
  • Traditional time-difference-based methods using compact microphone arrays suffer significant vertical angle accuracy loss due to these reflections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of first-order directional microphones in reducing ground reflection amplitude.
  • To assess if directional microphones can enable aircraft noise DOA estimation under conditions mimicking free-field environments.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of DOA estimation using omnidirectional versus first-order directional microphones.
  • Experimental testing under specific ground reflection conditions with jet and propeller aircraft noise.

Main Results:

  • Selecting an appropriate directivity pattern for microphones reduced vertical angle error by approximately 10° for both jet and propeller aircraft.
  • The degree of vertical error reduction is dependent on the sound's vertical angle of arrival.
  • Horizontal angle of arrival estimates remained unaffected by microphone directivity or ground reflectivity.

Conclusions:

  • First-order directional microphones offer a viable solution to mitigate ground reflection interference in aircraft noise DOA estimation.
  • The proposed method shows promise for improving vertical accuracy in real-world acoustic monitoring scenarios.
  • Further research is recommended for comprehensive validation across diverse environmental conditions.