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Related Concept Videos

Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

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Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
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Effects of feedback01:24

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Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
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Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
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Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
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Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
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A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
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Flat acoustic sources with frequency response correction based on feedback and feed-forward distributed control.

Jen-Hsuan Ho1, Arthur P Berkhoff2

  • 1Section of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel acoustic source with enhanced efficiency using a perforated sandwich structure. Advanced control strategies effectively manage resonances, achieving a flat frequency response from 30 Hz to 1 kHz.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Developing acoustic sources with high electroacoustic conversion efficiency and a flat frequency response is crucial for audio applications.
  • Traditional designs often face challenges in controlling acoustic and structural resonances, limiting performance.
  • Achieving high bending stiffness while maintaining acoustic compliance is a key design hurdle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel acoustic source design featuring a perforated sandwich structure for improved performance.
  • To investigate control strategies for managing acoustic and structural resonances in the source.
  • To achieve a wide-range, flat frequency response with high electroacoustic conversion efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sandwich structure with a perforated internal face to enhance acoustic compliance and bending stiffness.
  • Employed multiple actuators for driving the acoustic source's moving component.
  • Developed and applied a control scheme using symmetric driving patterns and velocity feedback to manage resonances.
  • Implemented a low-frequency compensation scheme to flatten the frequency response.

Main Results:

  • The perforated sandwich structure successfully increased acoustic compliance and electroacoustic conversion efficiency.
  • Collocated decentralized feedback control proved ineffective due to destabilizing asymmetric modes.
  • A control strategy using symmetric driving patterns effectively managed fundamental mass-air and bending mode resonances.
  • A flat frequency response with less than 3 dB deviation was achieved from 30 Hz to 1 kHz.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed acoustic source design, incorporating a perforated sandwich structure and advanced control, significantly enhances electroacoustic conversion efficiency.
  • Symmetric driving patterns with velocity feedback offer an effective method for controlling critical resonances in such acoustic sources.
  • The developed system demonstrates a high-fidelity, wide-frequency range performance suitable for demanding audio applications.