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Phonological development in young bilinguals: clinical implications.

Cynthia Core1, Chiara Scarpelli1

  • 1Department of Speech and Hearing Science, the George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.

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Summary

Bilingual children show both positive and negative cross-linguistic influences on their phonological development. Methodological issues in research limit current understanding of bilingual phonology and its clinical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Bilingual phonological development is complex, influenced by interactions between languages.
  • Cross-linguistic influence (CLI) can manifest as both positive transfer (acceleration) and negative transfer (deceleration) in phonological acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on bilingual phonological development.
  • To describe the nature of bilingual phonology, focusing on CLI.
  • To discuss implications for research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bilingual phonological development and CLI.
  • Discussion of methodological limitations in current research (e.g., sample size, age of acquisition, participant language abilities).
  • Presentation and discussion of sources of heterogeneity in bilingual language development.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports both positive and negative cross-linguistic transfer in bilingual children's phonological abilities.
  • Phonological abilities are demonstrably related to overall language abilities in bilingual first language learners (e.g., English and Spanish).
  • Research findings are supported by empirical evidence from the authors' laboratory.

Conclusions:

  • Methodological constraints in current research hinder generalizability of findings.
  • Understanding phonological development in bilingual children requires consideration of language abilities and acquisition factors.
  • Specific recommendations are provided for future bilingual research and clinical assessment.