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Survival of hemodialysis patients at a university hospital
Fernanda Ismaela Rolim Teixeira1, Maria Lúcia Holanda Lopes1, Giselle Andrade dos Santos Silva1
1Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brasil.
Insights
Survival rates for hemodialysis patients are low, with advanced age, anemia, and low albumin levels negatively impacting outcomes. These findings highlight critical areas for improving care in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on dialysis.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Internal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) significantly increases morbidity and mortality, particularly in the dialysis population.
- Hemodialysis is a critical intervention for end-stage renal disease, but patient survival remains a concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the overall survival rate of patients undergoing hemodialysis.
- To identify epidemiological and clinical profiles, comorbidities, and survival-associated variables in this patient group.
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal, descriptive study involving 162 hemodialysis patients.
- Analysis included descriptive statistics, Cox Regression for survival variable influence, and Kaplan-Meier curves.
Main Results:
- The mean age of patients was 48.09 years, with low income and education levels prevalent.
- Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus were the most common comorbidities.
- Advanced age, low hemoglobin, and low albumin levels were associated with reduced survival rates.
- One-year and five-year survival rates were 84.41% and 63.32%, respectively.
Conclusions:
- Survival rates are considered low and decreasing, despite therapeutic advancements.
- Advanced age, hypoalbuminemia, and anemia are significant predictors of mortality in hemodialysis patients.
Introduction:
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, especially in dialyses population.
Objective:
To determine the overall survival rate; the epidemiological and clinical profiles; the comorbidities and the variables associated with survival of the patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods:
This is a longitudinal and descriptive study with 162 patients undergoing hemodialysis, at the University Hospital. The categorical variables were described by frequency and percentage; numerical variables by mean and standard-deviation. The analysis by Cox Regression model was used to study the influence of several clinical and demographic variables in survival rates. Kaplan Meyer model was used to construct the survival curves of the significant variables.
Results:
The mean age was 48.09 years, and the monthly family income and level of education were reduced in most of the patients studied. Hypertension was the main comorbidity associated with CKD in this population, followed by Diabetes Mellitus. The variables that negatively influenced the survival rates were advanced age at the beginning of therapy and low hemoglobin and albumin levels. The overall survival was 84.41% and 63.32% in one and five years, respectively.
Conclusion:
The rate of survival was considered low compared others studies and was decreasing over the years, not representing improvements despite technological advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Advanced age, hypoalbuminemia and anemia are strong predictors of mortality.
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