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Changes in cerebral functioning associated with normal aging.

W Mittenberg1, M Seidenberg, D S O'Leary

  • 1Medical College of Wisconsin.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Normal aging does not disproportionately affect right-hemisphere functions. Instead, cognitive declines show a bilateral reduction, particularly impacting frontal-lobe functions in older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The aging process is often associated with cognitive decline.
  • Previous theories suggested a greater vulnerability of right-hemisphere functions during aging.
  • This study investigates the lateralization of cognitive decline in normal aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that normal aging preferentially affects right-hemisphere functions.
  • To examine the pattern of neuropsychological performance changes across the adult lifespan.
  • To identify specific cognitive domains most affected by aging.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 68 healthy volunteers aged 20-75.
  • Utilized neuropsychological tests designed to assess lateralized and focal functions.

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  • Selected tests to minimize procedural variations (e.g., timing, familiarity).
  • Inferred functional localization based on established lesion studies (double dissociation).

    • Main Results:

    • Cognitive efficiency declines in aging were not differentially lateralized between hemispheres.
    • Age-related performance changes indicated a bilateral reduction in cognitive function.
    • The most pronounced declines were observed in functions associated with the frontal lobes.

    Conclusions:

    • The hypothesis of greater right-hemisphere vulnerability in normal aging was not supported.
    • Aging is associated with a bilateral decline in cognitive efficiency.
    • Frontal-lobe functions appear particularly susceptible to age-related changes.