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Microscopic colitis.

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Microscopic colitis (MC), a frequent cause of watery diarrhea, affects middle-aged women. Budesonide is the only proven treatment, though others are experimental, and MC has a good long-term prognosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Microscopic colitis (MC) encompasses lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis.
    • It is a prevalent cause of chronic watery diarrhea, comparable to inflammatory bowel disease.
    • MC presents without endoscopic or radiologic abnormalities, affecting primarily middle-aged women.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding of microscopic colitis, including its pathology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis.
    • To highlight the diagnostic features and therapeutic options for MC.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on microscopic colitis.
    • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and treatment outcomes from randomized controlled trials.

    Main Results:

    • Lymphocytic colitis shows increased intraepithelial lymphocytes; collagenous colitis features a thickened collagen band.
    • Both types exhibit increased mononuclear infiltration of the lamina propria.
    • Budesonide is the only drug with proven efficacy for MC induction and maintenance.

    Conclusions:

    • The pathogenesis of MC remains largely unknown, with potential links to autoimmunity, toxins, or collagen metabolism.
    • Thiopurines and anti-TNF agents are experimental options for refractory cases.
    • MC generally has a good long-term prognosis, is not linked to malignancy, and can be self-limiting.