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Small bowel imaging in celiac disease.

Stijn J B Van Weyenberg, Chris J J Mulder, Jan Hein T M Van Waesberghe

    Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
    |May 1, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Radiological small bowel imaging is not typically needed for uncomplicated celiac disease. However, specific imaging findings can suggest celiac disease, aiding diagnosis in adults, especially when complicated.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Radiology
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Modern small bowel imaging offers detailed visualization of abnormalities.
    • Its role in diagnosing celiac disease is growing, particularly for complicated cases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the utility of small bowel imaging in celiac disease diagnosis.
    • To inform clinicians and radiologists about key radiological findings suggestive of celiac disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of conventional (small bowel follow-through, enteroclysis) and advanced (CT, MRI enterography/enteroclysis) imaging techniques.
    • Identification of characteristic radiological signs associated with celiac disease and its complications.

    Main Results:

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  • Specific signs include altered fold patterns, dilatation, wall thickening, intussusception, lymphadenopathy, and splenic changes.
  • Refractory celiac disease type II shows severe fold decrease, mesenteric fat infiltration, and wall thickening.
  • Malignant complications like lymphoma and adenocarcinoma are detectable with cross-sectional enteroclysis.

    • Conclusions:

    • Radiological imaging is generally unnecessary for uncomplicated celiac disease.
    • Specific imaging findings are crucial for diagnosis, especially in adults where celiac disease may be overlooked.
    • Cross-sectional enteroclysis techniques are valuable for diagnosing complicated celiac disease and its malignant sequelae.