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    We observed the first polarization-independent Talbot effect using a high-density grating. This phenomenon, explained by a simplified modal method, has significant potential for future applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Diffraction Phenomena

    Background:

    • The Talbot effect is a well-known self-imaging phenomenon in diffraction optics.
    • Previous studies on the Talbot effect have often been limited by polarization dependence.
    • High-density gratings are crucial components in various optical systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the first observation of a polarization-independent Talbot effect.
    • To provide a theoretical explanation for this phenomenon using a simplified modal method.
    • To explore the potential applications of polarization-independent Talbot effect.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental observation of the Talbot effect using a high-density grating.
    • Theoretical analysis employing a simplified modal method.
    • Investigation of diffraction orders' phases and efficiencies for TE and TM polarizations.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of polarization-independent Talbot effect for both TE and TM polarizations.
    • Attribution of the effect to identical phases and diffraction efficiencies of diffraction orders.
    • Identification of two excited even grating modes as the cause of specific diffraction properties.

    Conclusions:

    • The simplified modal method offers a clear physical insight into the polarization-independent Talbot effect.
    • The observed phenomenon arises from the unique modal properties of the high-density grating.
    • This work paves the way for advanced applications leveraging the polarization-independent Talbot effect.