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Explaining educational differences in sickness absence: a population-based follow-up study.

Risto Kaikkonen1, Tommi Härkänen, Ossi Rahkonen

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Socioeconomic disparities in sickness absence are significant. Addressing physical working conditions and smoking, especially for lower-educated workers, can reduce these differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Public Health
  • Social Epidemiology

Background:

  • Socioeconomic gradients in sickness absence are well-documented but poorly understood.
  • Educational attainment is a key indicator of socioeconomic status and is linked to health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of health and work-related factors in explaining educational differences in long-term sickness absence.
  • To analyze these differences over an 8-year follow-up period.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based sample of 3946 Finnish adults aged 30-64 years.
  • Register-based 8-year follow-up utilizing Poisson and gamma regression models.
  • Prediction of sickness absence days per working year (DWY).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in DWY were observed between lowest and highest educational levels in both men and women.
  • Adjusting for physical working conditions, health status, health behavior, and obesity attenuated these differences.
  • Psychosocial working conditions had a minimal impact; health and work factors reduced the gap by 1.8 days (men) and 2.6 days (women).

Conclusions:

  • Improvements in physical working conditions and reduced smoking among lower-educated employees can significantly decrease educational disparities in sickness absence.
  • Targeted interventions focusing on these factors may help mitigate socioeconomic inequalities in long-term work disability.