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Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
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Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
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Updated: Apr 13, 2026

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An 'end-game' for sugar sweetened beverages?

G Sundborn, T R Merriman, S Thornley

    Pacific Health Dialog
    |May 2, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    An "endgame" strategy for sugar-sweetened beverages is proposed to combat rising unhealthy weight. Evidence links these drinks to cardiovascular risks, suggesting a need for population-level interventions.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Nutrition Science
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • The global epidemic of unhealthy weight persists despite numerous ineffective interventions.
    • Rising prevalence of unhealthy weight necessitates novel public health strategies.
    • A successful 'endgame' strategy for tobacco control in New Zealand offers a potential model.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review evidence linking sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) to unhealthy weight and adverse health outcomes.
    • To examine current international and New Zealand initiatives aimed at reducing SSB consumption.
    • To propose an 'endgame' approach for SSBs to address population-level unhealthy weight.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review of epidemiological evidence on SSBs and health.

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  • Analysis of food disappearance data for sugar intake trends in New Zealand.
  • Evaluation of existing public health initiatives targeting SSB consumption.

    • Main Results:

    • Consistent epidemiological links between SSB intake and unhealthy weight, diabetes, gout, and hypertension.
    • Increasing sugar intake in New Zealand, potentially driven by sugar addiction.
    • Description of successful initiatives to reduce SSB consumption internationally and in New Zealand.

    Conclusions:

    • An 'endgame' strategy for sugar-sweetened beverages is advocated to combat unhealthy weight.
    • Such an approach is crucial for addressing unhealthy weight at a population level.
    • A preliminary draft endgame plan is presented for discussion and debate.