Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

1.0K
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
1.0K
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

4.1K
Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
4.1K
Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

5.6K
The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...
5.6K
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

1.6K
Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
1.6K
Vascular Resistance01:20

Vascular Resistance

14.3K
Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...
14.3K
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

4.0K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Affinity Maturation of a Fentanyl Aptamer by Motif-SELEX.

JACS Au·2026
Same author

Defective vascular smooth muscle cell tafazzin impairs mitochondrial function and promotes atherosclerosis in preclinical models.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

BMP9 knockout impairs pulmonary vessel muscularisation and confers aberrant tamoxifen sensitivity.

Angiogenesis·2025
Same author

Urgent cardiopulmonary bypass for the management of intrabronchial descending aortic aneurysm rupture.

Perfusion·2025
Same author

An Aptamer-Based EXACT Anticoagulant as a Sustainable, Animal-Free Alternative to Unfractionated Heparin.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Artificial Intelligence-Led Whole Coronary Artery OCT Analysis; Validation and Identification of Drug Efficacy and Higher-Risk Plaques.

Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Vascular Endothelial Cells from Distinct Adipose Depots for Downstream Applications
09:00

Isolation and Identification of Vascular Endothelial Cells from Distinct Adipose Depots for Downstream Applications

Published on: June 10, 2022

3.5K

Akt isoforms in vascular disease.

Haixiang Yu1, Trevor Littlewood2, Martin Bennett1

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.

Vascular Pharmacology
|May 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Akt kinases (Akt1, Akt2, Akt3) play distinct roles in cardiovascular disease, influencing atherosclerosis and vascular remodelling. Understanding these isoform-specific functions is crucial for developing targeted therapies for vascular conditions.

Keywords:
AktAneurysmAtherosclerosisVascular diseases

More Related Videos

A Cell Culture Model of Resistance Arteries
10:54

A Cell Culture Model of Resistance Arteries

Published on: September 8, 2017

8.3K
Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice
08:09

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice

Published on: March 24, 2017

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Vascular Endothelial Cells from Distinct Adipose Depots for Downstream Applications
09:00

Isolation and Identification of Vascular Endothelial Cells from Distinct Adipose Depots for Downstream Applications

Published on: June 10, 2022

3.5K
A Cell Culture Model of Resistance Arteries
10:54

A Cell Culture Model of Resistance Arteries

Published on: September 8, 2017

8.3K
Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice
08:09

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice

Published on: March 24, 2017

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Mammalian serine/threonine Akt kinases have three isoforms: Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3.
  • Akt signaling is implicated in normal and disease processes, including cancer and cardiovascular disease.
  • The role of Akt signaling in cardiovascular disease is less understood compared to cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on individual Akt isoforms in vascular disease.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Akt function in atherosclerosis, vascular remodelling, and aneurysm formation.
  • To highlight the distinct roles of Akt isoforms in cardiovascular pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of genetic studies in mice.
  • Examination of in vitro findings on Akt isoform function.

Main Results:

  • Accumulating evidence suggests distinct tissue expression, subcellular localization, and activation modes for Akt isoforms.
  • Genetic studies in mice demonstrate unique effects of individual Akt isoforms on cardiovascular disease.
  • Akt isoforms exhibit differential involvement in atherosclerosis, vascular remodelling, and aneurysm formation.

Conclusions:

  • Individual Akt isoforms have distinct functions in vascular disease.
  • Understanding isoform-specific roles is essential for targeting Akt signaling in cardiovascular conditions.
  • Further research into Akt isoform biology may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases.