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Morphology of open bite.

Karl-Friedrich Krey1, Karl-Heinz Dannhauer, Thomas Hierl

  • 1Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Center for Dental, Oral and Craniomandibular Sciences, University Medicine Greifswald, Rotgerberstr. 8, 17475, Greifswald, Germany, kreyk@uni-greifswald.de.

Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics = Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/Official Journal Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Kieferorthopadie
|May 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Skeletal morphology in open-bite patients varies significantly based on jaw relationships. Geometric morphometrics revealed distinct patterns in mandibular and maxillary development, crucial for personalized treatment planning in open-bite cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Craniofacial Morphology
  • Dental Imaging

Background:

  • Open bite is a complex dental malocclusion characterized by a lack of vertical overlap between anterior or posterior teeth.
  • Understanding the underlying skeletal morphology is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning.
  • Previous studies have suggested heterogeneity in the skeletal patterns of open-bite patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and illustrate the skeletal morphology of open-bite patients.
  • To analyze these morphologies in relation to different sagittal jaw relationships (Class I, II, III).
  • To utilize geometric morphometrics for detailed shape analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Lateral cephalograms from 197 untreated adults were analyzed using specialized dental imaging software.
  • Patients were categorized into control and three open-bite groups (Class I, II, III) based on vertical and sagittal cephalometric parameters.
  • Geometric morphometrics, including Procrustes transformation and thin-plate splines, were employed to analyze 28 skeletal landmarks.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in skeletal shape were observed across all open-bite groups compared to controls (p < 0.001).
  • Class III open bite showed increased overall size (CS), while Class I and II did not differ significantly from controls in size.
  • Specific patterns included mandibular ramus compression in all open-bite groups, with unique maxillary and facial third variations distinguishing Class I, II, and III open bites.

Conclusions:

  • Open bite is not a monolithic condition; distinct skeletal patterns exist based on sagittal jaw relationships.
  • True skeletal overdevelopment is primarily seen in Class III (mesial) open-bite cases.
  • Differentiated understanding of open-bite morphology is essential for individualized etiological assessment and treatment planning.