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An introgressed wing pattern acts as a mating cue.

Angela P Sánchez1, Carolina Pardo-Diaz2, Juan Enciso-Romero2

  • 1Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Central, Carrera 5 No. 21 - 38, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|May 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive introgression of red wing patterns in Heliconius timareta butterflies is linked to reproductive isolation. This study reveals how a single trait can drive speciation in Heliconius.

Keywords:
Heliconiushomoploid hybrid speciationmagic traitreproductive isolation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Speciation research
  • Genetics of speciation

Background:

  • Heliconius butterflies exhibit homoploid hybrid and ecological speciation.
  • Adaptive introgression, where beneficial traits are exchanged between species, is observed in Heliconius timareta subspecies.
  • H. timareta has acquired red color patterns from H. melpomene via introgression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate if introgression of red wing patterns in H. timareta florencia is associated with reproductive isolation.
  • Assess incipient reproductive isolation between H. timareta florencia and H. timareta subsp. nov. in the eastern Andes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted no-choice mating experiments between H. t. subsp. nov. and H. t. florencia.
  • Performed choice experiments using wing models to assess mate preference.
  • Analyzed intrinsic postzygotic isolation in crosses between the two H. timareta races.

Main Results:

  • A 50% reduction in mating was observed between females of H. t. subsp. nov. and males of H. t. florencia.
  • Males of H. t. subsp. nov. showed reduced courtship towards red phenotypes, while H. t. florencia males preferred red phenotypes.
  • No intrinsic postzygotic isolation was detected between these H. timareta races.

Conclusions:

  • A color pattern trait acquired through introgression appears to be initiating reproductive isolation.
  • This finding supports the role of introgression in driving ecological speciation within Heliconius.
  • Wing pattern introgression is a potential mechanism for incipient speciation in Heliconius timareta.