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Related Concept Videos

Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

55.7K
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
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Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

10.8K
Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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Dual control of MAPK activities by AP2C1 and MKP1 MAPK phosphatases regulates defence responses in Arabidopsis.

Journal of experimental botany·2022
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Targeting alternative splicing by RNAi: from the differential impact on splice variants to triggering artificial pre-mRNA splicing.

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Protein phosphatase AP2C1 negatively regulates basal resistance and defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae.

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Plant resistance against the parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii is mediated by MPK3 and MPK6 kinases, which are controlled by the MAPK phosphatase AP2C1 in Arabidopsis.

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The Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 is associated with γ-tubulin on microtubules, phosphorylates EB1c and maintains spindle orientation under nitrosative stress.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Extraction and Quantification of Soluble, Radiolabeled Inositol Polyphosphates from Different Plant Species using SAX-HPLC
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Extraction and Quantification of Soluble, Radiolabeled Inositol Polyphosphates from Different Plant Species using SAX-HPLC

Published on: June 26, 2020

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Phosphatases in plants.

Alois Schweighofer1, Irute Meskiene

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, V. Graičiūno 8, 02241, Vilnius, Lithuania, alois.schweighofer@univie.ac.at.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Protein phosphatases, though historically viewed as housekeeping enzymes, play crucial roles in plant signaling. Recent research highlights their specific regulatory functions in Arabidopsis thaliana, impacting various growth and stress responses.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Reversible protein phosphorylation is a key posttranslational modification.
  • Protein kinases and phosphatases have opposing roles in this process.
  • Arabidopsis thaliana has ~1,000 kinases and ~150 phosphatases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of Arabidopsis protein phosphatase families.
  • To highlight recent discoveries in phosphatase research.
  • To emphasize the specific regulatory roles of phosphatases in plant signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on protein phosphatases in Arabidopsis.
  • Analysis of the Arabidopsis kinome and phosphatase families.
  • Compilation of recent findings on phosphatase functions.

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Phosphoproteomic Strategy for Profiling Osmotic Stress Signaling in Arabidopsis
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A Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach to Identify Phosphoprotein Phosphatases and their Interactors
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A Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach to Identify Phosphoprotein Phosphatases and their Interactors

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Extraction and Quantification of Soluble, Radiolabeled Inositol Polyphosphates from Different Plant Species using SAX-HPLC
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Extraction and Quantification of Soluble, Radiolabeled Inositol Polyphosphates from Different Plant Species using SAX-HPLC

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Phosphoproteomic Strategy for Profiling Osmotic Stress Signaling in Arabidopsis
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A Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach to Identify Phosphoprotein Phosphatases and their Interactors

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Main Results:

  • Protein phosphatases exhibit high substrate specificity.
  • Phosphatases are crucial for various plant signaling pathways, including stress, hormonal, and growth regulation.
  • Phosphatases coordinate with kinases to determine cellular responses.

Conclusions:

  • Arabidopsis phosphatases are not merely housekeeping enzymes but critical regulators.
  • Phosphatases are essential for diverse physiological processes in plants.
  • Further research continues to uncover specific roles of phosphatases in plant signaling.