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Avalanche trauma.

M D Grossman1, J R Saffle, F Thomas

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City 84132.

The Journal of Trauma
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Avalanche accidents in the US are analyzed, revealing blunt trauma and asphyxia as primary causes of death, not hypothermia. Findings align with European and Canadian avalanche accident data.

Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Traumatology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Avalanche accidents pose significant risks to outdoor recreationists.
  • Limited research exists on the medical aspects of avalanche accidents in American literature.
  • Understanding injury patterns is crucial for improving rescue and treatment protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the medical aspects and outcomes of avalanche accidents in the United States.
  • To compare US avalanche accident data with international findings from Europe and Canada.
  • To identify the primary causes of mortality and morbidity in avalanche victims.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of avalanche accident records from the Utah Avalanche Forecasting Center (UAFC) between 1982 and 1987.

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  • Inclusion of 145 avalanches involving 188 individuals.
  • Comparison of UAFC data with similar datasets from Europe and Canada.

    • Main Results:

    • Out of 188 individuals involved, 91 were caught in avalanches, with 21 requiring medical attention.
    • Mortality rate was 13% (12 deaths), and injury rate was 10% (9 injured).
    • Blunt trauma and asphyxia were the predominant causes of death; hypothermia played a minor role. Complete burial was common in both survivors and nonsurvivors.

    Conclusions:

    • Avalanche accidents in the US share similar injury and mortality patterns with those in Europe and Canada.
    • Blunt trauma and asphyxia are critical factors in avalanche fatalities.
    • Further research into avalanche trauma is warranted to inform prevention and treatment strategies.