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FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF YOUNG INFANTS WITH AND WITHOUT MACULAR EDEMA.

Adam L Rothman1, Du Tran-Viet, Lejla Vajzovic

  • 1*Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina; †Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|May 2, 2015
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Summary

Perinatal spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) reveals that infant macular edema is linked to poor visual acuity and neurodevelopmental deficits. SD-OCT monitoring of retinal microanatomy may predict later vision and central nervous system outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for detailed visualization of the posterior segment of the eye.
  • Understanding the relationship between early retinal microanatomy and later neurodevelopmental outcomes is crucial for identifying infants at risk for visual and cognitive impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate perinatal posterior segment microanatomy, assessed by SD-OCT, with visual acuity, brain abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants.
  • To investigate the potential of SD-OCT in monitoring visual system maturation and the evolution of retinal anomalies in early life.

Main Methods:

  • Thirteen infants (11 preterm, 2 term) underwent nursery imaging using portable SD-OCT.
  • Infants were assessed for visual acuity and sensorimotor function between 9 months and 5 years.
  • Medical records were reviewed for brain MRI reports and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley Scales) testing.

Main Results:

  • Eight children with normal macular microanatomy on perinatal SD-OCT achieved optimal visual acuity (≥ 20/40).
  • Five children with perinatal macular edema exhibited suboptimal visual acuity in most eyes, alongside sensorimotor deficits, brain abnormalities, or poor neurodevelopment.
  • Macular edema persisted in one infant up to 9-month corrected age.

Conclusions:

  • Perinatal SD-OCT can monitor visual system maturation and retinal anomaly progression.
  • Infant retinal microanatomy visualized by SD-OCT may correlate with subsequent vision and central nervous system development.
  • Further research is needed to establish the normal range of infant retinal microanatomy and its precise relationship with vision and neurodevelopment.