Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...

Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems

Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems

Phase I biotransformation reactions are integral to drug metabolism, predominantly involving oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic transformations. Chief among these are oxidative reactions, which enhance the hydrophilicity of xenobiotics and introduce polar functional groups to facilitate their elimination from the body.
Oxidation reactions are fundamental in aromatic carbon-containing systems. An example is the hydroxylation of phenobarbital, a process that transforms it into...

Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview

Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview

Phase I biotransformation, or functionalization, is a crucial chemical process that converts drugs and other xenobiotics into more water-soluble forms, facilitating expulsion from the body. It involves oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic reactions that add or unveil polar functional groups on lipophilic substrates. Key players in phase I reactions are the mixed-function oxidases. Situated in liver cell microsomes, these enzymes predominantly carry out drug metabolism. They require molecular...

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mechanistic insight into enhanced florfenicol degradation by micro-nano bubbles ozonation in mariculture wastewater.

Environmental research·2026

Same author

Translating Molecular Subtypes into Cost-Effective Radiogenomic Biomarkers for Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

The SEMA7A<sup>N559Y</sup> mutation facilitates the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by inducing ROS/NLRP3-mediated hepatic cell pyroptosis.

Metabolism: clinical and experimental·2025

Same author

Glomerular endothelial cells eliminate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to instruct CD103<sup>+</sup> T cells in human lupus nephritis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Same author

Lactate bridges mesangial cells to the differentiation of follicular helper T cells in lupus nephritis.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

High-resolution spatial mapping of electrocorticographic activities with NeuroCam: a 4096-channel, multiplexed flexible thin-film transistor array.

Science bulletin·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Detecting, Visualizing and Quantitating the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in an Amoeba Model System

Detecting, Visualizing and Quantitating the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in an Amoeba Model System

Published on: November 5, 2013

Enhanced aphid detoxification when confronted by a host with elevated ROS production.

Jiaxin Lei¹, Keyan Zhu-Salzman

¹a Department of Entomology ; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology ; Texas A&M University; College Station , TX USA.

Plant Signaling & Behavior

|May 2, 2015

Summary

Loss of BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance to aphids by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aphids counter this oxidative stress with elevated detoxification mechanisms.

Keywords:

Arabidopsis detoxification enzyme green peach aphid hypersensitive response plant-insect interaction

More Related Videos

Detection of Total Reactive Oxygen Species in Adherent Cells by 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate Staining

Detection of Total Reactive Oxygen Species in Adherent Cells by 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate Staining

Published on: June 23, 2020

Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Measurement of Intracellular ROS Levels in Hepatocellular Lines

Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Measurement of Intracellular ROS Levels in Hepatocellular Lines

Published on: January 19, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Detecting, Visualizing and Quantitating the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in an Amoeba Model System

Detecting, Visualizing and Quantitating the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in an Amoeba Model System

Published on: November 5, 2013

Detection of Total Reactive Oxygen Species in Adherent Cells by 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate Staining

Detection of Total Reactive Oxygen Species in Adherent Cells by 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate Staining

Published on: June 23, 2020

Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Measurement of Intracellular ROS Levels in Hepatocellular Lines

Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Measurement of Intracellular ROS Levels in Hepatocellular Lines

Published on: January 19, 2024

Area of Science:

Plant-insect interactions
Plant immunity
Oxidative stress biology

Background:

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial signaling molecules in plant defense against pests.
Loss of BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to increased resistance against green peach aphids (Myzus persicae).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between ROS-related gene expression and bik1-mediated aphid resistance.
To determine if aphids biochemically respond to oxidative stress induced by bik1 mutants.

Main Methods:

Gene expression analysis of ROS-generating, -responsive, and -metabolizing genes in bik1 mutants.
Enzymatic activity assays on aphids reared on bik1 and wild-type plants.

Main Results:

The bik1 mutant showed elevated basal expression of ROS-generating and -responsive genes, but not ROS-metabolizing genes.
Aphids reared on bik1 plants exhibited enhanced detoxification enzymatic activities compared to those on wild-type plants.

Conclusions:

BIK1 regulates ROS production in plant defense against aphids.
Aphids develop metabolic resistance to counteract oxidative stress imposed by bik1 mutants, indicating an evolutionary arms race.